Как найти углеводы в муке

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Мука пшеничная — содержание углеводов

Количество углеводов в 100 г пшеничной муки
— 76,31 г (клетчатка + крахмал + сахара)*.

По содержанию углеводов среди всех продуктов
мука пшеничная
занимает
63 место.

№	Количество углеводов	Доля от суточной нормы на 100 г
60	Мука кукурузная белая (маса)	76,6 г	24,7%
61	Мука из бурого риса	76,5 г	24,7%
62	Сироп агавы заменитель сахара, подсластитель	76,4 г	24,6%
63	Мука пшеничная универсальная	76,3 г	24,6%
64	Рис бурый длиннозерный в сухом виде	76,3 г	24,6%
65	Мука пшеничная высшего сорта	76,2 г	24,6%
66	Рис бурый в сухом виде	76,2 г	24,6%
67	Булгур сухой, крупа	75,9 г	24,5%

Соотношение углеводов

Нутриент	Количество
Моносахариды (сахара):
Глюкоза	н/д
Фруктоза	н/д
Галактоза	н/д
Дисахариды (сахара):
Сахароза	н/д
Лактоза	н/д
Мальтоза	н/д
Всего сахаров	0,27 г
Полисахариды:
Клетчатка	2,70 г
Крахмал	н/д

* —
из-за раздельного исследования углеводных фракций и изменчивости,
присущей измерительному процессу, итоговая сумма может не совпадать со
значением количества углеводов в продукте

н/д — данные исследований отсутствуют

Идеи, советы, предложения

Сообщить об ошибках и неточностях

Средние нормы потребления

Ниже перечислены нормы нутриентов,
которые применяются на сайте

Нутриент	Норма
Основные нутриенты
Белки	75 г
Жиры	84 г
Углеводы	310 г
Калории	2 300 ккал
Минералы
Кальций	1 000 мг
Железо	10 мг
Магний	400 мг
Фосфор	700 мг
Калий	4 700 мг
Натрий	1 300 мг
Цинк	11 мг
Медь	0,9 мг
Марганец	2,3 мг
Селен	55 мкг
Фтор	4 000 мкг
Витамины (жирорастворимые)
Витамин A	900 мкг
Бета-каротин	5 000 мкг
Альфа-каротин	5 000 мкг
Витамин D	15 мкг
Витамин D2	7,5 мкг
Витамин D3	16,25 мкг
Витамин E	14,6 мг
Витамин K	120 мкг
Витамины (водорастворимые)
Витамин C	90 мг
Витамин B1	1,2 мг
Витамин B2	1,3 мг
Витамин B3	16 мг
Витамин B4	500 мг
Витамин B5	5 мг
Витамин B6	1,3 мг
Витамин B9	400 мкг
Витамин B12	2,4 мкг
Аминокислоты
Триптофан	0,8 г
Треонин	2,4 г
Изолейцин	2 г
Лейцин	4,6 г
Лизин	4,1 г
Метионин	1,8 г
Цистин	1,8 г
Фенилаланин	4,4 г
Тирозин	4,4 г
Валин	2,5 г
Аргинин	6,1 г
Гистидин	2,1 г
Аланин	6,6 г
Аспарагиновая	12,2 г
Глутаминовая	13,6 г
Глицин	3,5 г
Пролин	4,5 г
Серин	8,3 г

Learn more information about carbs in flour 1 tablespoon. In this article we’ll discuss carbs in flour 1 tablespoon.

Carbs In Almond Flour 1 Tablespoon

It might also take up to 17 years earlier than research findings make it into daily clinical exercise. To take one example that turned into especially poignant for my circle of relatives:

heart disease.  You recognise, decades in the past, Dean Ornish and colleagues published evidence within one of the most prestigious clinical journals inside the world that our leading purpose of death will be reversed with weight-reduction plan and life-style adjustments alone—yet, hardly whatever changed.

Even now, loads of lots of Americans hold to needlessly die from what we discovered a long time ago changed into a reversible disorder. In fact, I had seen it with my personal eyes.

Carbs In Coconut Flour 1 Tablespoon

My grandmother become cured of her give up-stage heart disease by one in all Dean’s predecessors, Nathan Pritikin, the use of similar techniques.

So, if efficiently the treatment to our number-one killer of males and females ought to wander off down some rabbit hole and neglected, what else may there be within the scientific literature that could help my patients, however that simply didn’t have a corporate finances using its merchandising? Well, I made it my existence’s venture to find out.

That’s why I became a doctor inside the first vicinity and why I began my nonprofit website online, NutritionFacts.org.

Everything on the internet site is unfastened.

Carbs In Almond Flour 1 Tbsp

There aren’t any ads, no corporate sponsorship.

It’s strictly noncommercial, now not selling anything.

I simply placed it up as a public service, as a hard work of love, as a tribute to my grandmother. New films and articles nearly every day on the cutting-edge in evidence-based totally nutrition—what a concept.

Carbs In Rice Flour 1 Tbsp

If you want testimonials and before-and-after pictures, you have come to the incorrect region. I’m not interested in anecdotes;

I’m inquisitive about the evidence.

When it involves making decisions as lifestyles-and-death-critical as the fitness and well-being of yourself and your own family, there’s clearly simplest one query: What does the exceptional to be had stability of evidence show proper now?

Net Carbs In White Flour 1 Tablespoon

The trouble is that even simply sticking to the peer-reviewed medical literature isn’t always enough as, “False and scientifically [misleading] unsupported beliefs about obesity are pervasive” even within clinical journals.

The simplest manner to get at the truth, then, is to dive deep into the number one literature and study all the authentic studies themselves. But, who’s got time for that?

There are more than half of 1,000,000 medical papers on weight problems with one hundred new ones published every day.

Even researchers inside the discipline won’t be capable of keep song past their slender area.

Carbs In 1 Tablespoon Corn Flour

But that’s what we do at NutritionFacts.org.

We comb through tens of thousands of reports a yr so you…don’t ought to.

Very great! And indeed, we exposed a treasure trove of buried information, like nowadays I’ll cowl easy spices, for instance, proven in randomized, double-blind, placebo-managed trials to boost up weight loss for pennies an afternoon, but with so little income ability, it’s no surprise the ones experiences never noticed the mild of day.

Carbs In 1 Tablespoon Chickpea Flour

That’s why 100 percentage of the proceeds I get hold of from all of my books, and DVDs, and speakme engagements are all donated to charity. I simply need to do for your circle of relatives what Pritikin did for my own family.

              But Wait, Isn’t Weight Loss Just About Eating Less And Moving More?

I imply, isn’t a calorie a calorie? That’s what the food enterprise wishes you to suppose.

Carbs In 1 Tablespoon Wheat Flour

The belief that a calorie from one supply is just as fattening some other is a trope broadcast by using the food industry as a way to absolve itself of culpability.

Coca-Cola itself even placed an ad available emphasizing this “one simple common-feel reality.” As the present day and beyond chairs of Harvard’s nutrition department put it, this “crucial argument” from enterprise is that the “overconsumption of energy from carrots might be no special from overconsumption of energy from soda….” If a calorie is only a calorie, why does it matter what we put in our mouths? Let’s discover that instance of carrots as opposed to Coca-Cola.

It’s actual that during a tightly controlled laboratory setting, 240 calories of carrots (10 carrots) might have the identical impact on calorie stability as the 240 calories in a bottle of Coke, but this evaluation falls flat on its face out in the real world.

You should chug those liquid sweet calories in much less than a minute, but ingesting 240 energy of carrots would take you greater than two-and-a-half of hours of sustained regular chewing.

Carbs In 1 Tablespoon Tapioca Flour

[Laughing] Not most effective might your jaw get sore, however 240 calories of carrots is like five cups—you might not even be able to fit all of them within.

Our belly is simplest so massive.

Once we fill it up, stretch receptors within our stomach wall tell us while we’ve had enough, but unique meals have exclusive quantities of energy in line with stomachful. Some foods have extra calories in line with cup, per pound, in step with mouthful than others.

This is the idea of calorie density, the quantity of calories within a given amount of food.

Three kilos is about what the common American eats within an afternoon. As you could see, for instance, oil, has a excessive calorie density, that means a high calorie attention, lots of calories packed into a small space.

Drizzling only a tablespoon of oil on a dish adds over 100 calories.

For those same calories, you may have rather eaten about cups of blackberries, as an instance, a meals with a low calorie density. So, those meals have the identical number of calories.

You could swig down that spoonful of oil and not even sense whatever in your belly, however eating multiple cups of berries should begin to fill you up.

That’s why yes, biochemically a calorie is a calorie, but eating the equal quantity of energy within extraordinary meals, can have one of a kind consequences. The average human belly can expand to in shape about four cups of food;

so, a single stomachful of strawberry ice cream, as an instance, could max out our caloric intake for the entire day.

For the same -thousand energy, to get those equal thousand energy from strawberries themselves…you’d need to devour forty-four cups of berries. That’s eleven stomachfuls.

As scrumptious as berries are, I don’t recognise if I ought to fill my belly to bursting eleven times a day.

Some meals are simply not possible to overeat. They are so low within calorie density, you simply physically couldn’t consume a enough to even maintain your weight.

In a lab, a calorie is a calorie, but within life, a ways from it.

Traditional weight reduction diets awareness on decreasing component size, but we recognize those “eat much less” tactics can depart human beings feeling hungry and unsatisfied. A greater powerful technique can be to shift the emphasis from restriction to superb “consume extra” messaging of growing consumption of healthy, low-calorie-density ingredients, however you don’t recognize, until you… positioned it to the take a look at.

Researchers in Hawaii attempted placing people on greater of a traditional, Hawaiian eating regimen with all the plant ingredients they could consume, limitless quantities of end result, veggies, entire grains, and beans.

And, the statistic topics misplaced a median of seventeen pounds in only twenty-one days. Calorie consumption dropped by using 40 percent, however now not because they were ingesting much less meals.

They misplaced seventeen pounds in three weeks consuming extra food, within extra of four pounds a day.

How ought to that be? Because entire plant ingredients tend to be so calorically dilute, you can stuff yourself with out getting the same sort of weight benefit.

They lost seventeen pounds in three weeks consuming greater meals.

That’s why in my upcoming e book, How Not to Diet, which i am very enthusiastic about, [clears throat], that’s why “Low within Calorie Density” is on my list of the 17 substances for a super weight reduction diet. As noted before, Americans appear to common about three kilos of food a day.

So, in case you caught with mostly these ingredients, you can see how you can devour more food and still shed kilos.

A landmark research set to be posted subsequent month discovered that, even if presented with the identical wide variety of calories, and the same salt, sugar, fat, fiber and protein, processed foods caused weight advantage, kilos received over weeks; and unprocessed foods led to weight reduction, two kilos down inside the equal two weeks.

Here’s considered one of their processed food food…which is probably healthier, honestly, than what the general public eat.

Non-fat Greek yogurt, baked potato chips, sugar-unfastened eating regimen lemonade with a turkey sandwich, has the same number of calories as this…what the unprocessed-meal-food folks have been eating, sort of a southwest entrée salad with black beans, avocados, nuts…that’s the calorie density impact. Same energy however there’s simply extra meals, no wonder it happy their hunger.  And they ended up four pounds lighter in weeks consuming extra meals.  So, how are you going to lower the calorie density of your eating regimen?

Well, only a short peek at the 2 extremes need to advocate two strategies:

abandon delivered fat and upload abandoned vegetables. Method number one:

Covertly positioned human beings on a pretty low-fats weight loss program, and that they have a tendency to lose frame fat every day despite the fact that they can devour as lots as they want.

If you alternatively deliver those equal human beings the identical food, but this time sneak in sufficient more fat and oils to trade it to a excessive-fat weight loss plan, they advantage body fats each day.             In truth, within a well-known jail test in Vermont, lean inmates were overfed up to ten thousand calories an afternoon to attempt to experimentally cause them to fat.

This grew to become out to be extraordinarily hard.

Most beginning dreading breakfast and involuntarily threw it up. The researchers found out how difficult it turned into to have people to benefit weight on cause— unless, you feed them masses of fat.

To get prisoners to advantage thirty pounds on a normal food plan, it took approximately 140,000 extra energy consistent with certain amount of body floor region.

To get the same thirty-pound weight benefit just by adding fats to their diets, all they needed to do became feed them approximately a further 40,000 energy. When the more energy have been inside the shape of straight fats, it took as many as a hundred thousand fewer energy to gain the equal amount of weight.

A calorie isn’t always a calorie—it depends what you devour.

In this situation, lowering fat content effectively made as much as 100,000 calories, disappear. That’s why “Low within Added Fat” is on my listing of ideal weight reduction elements as properly.

There are, however, two essential exceptions.

Processed ingredients with “decreased-fats claims” are often so packed with sugar that they could have the identical quantity of calories as a better fat product. SnackWell’s fat-loose cookies, as an instance, at seventeen hundred energy in keeping with pound are as calorie-dense as a cheese danish.

The other exception is to the low-fats rule is that greens are so calorically dilute that even a excessive-fat veggie dish, like a few oily broccoli with garlic sauce, tends to be much less calorie dense established, which brings us to the second method for reducing calorie density:

in place of sneaking out fats, sneak in greens. The largest influence on calorie density isn’t always fats, but water content.

Since water provides weight and bulk with out including calories, the most calorie-dense meals and the maximum calorie-dense diets have a tendency to be those that are dry.

Some vegetables, then again, are extra than 95 percent water, and now not just iceberg lettuce. Cucumbers, celery, turnips, cooked napa cabbage, bok choy, summer squash, zucchini, bean sprouts, and bamboo shoots can pinnacle out at 95 percentage water.

They’re essentially just water within vegetable shape.

A massive bowl of water-wealthy veggies is nearly just a large bowl of trapped water. The effect on calorie density is so dramatic the food enterprise wishes within on the motion.

They determine they might use nanotechnology to “shape a strong processed food similar to a celery stalk with self-assembled, water-crammed, …nanocells or nanotubes.” No need, as Mother Nature beat you to it.

When dozens of not unusual ingredients, pitted head-to-head for for his or her capability to satiate appetites for hours, the feature most predictive became no longer how little fats or how an awful lot protein it had, however how tons water it had. That changed into the primary predictor of ways filling a meals is.

That’s why “High within Water-Rich Foods” is on my list, too.

Water-wealthy foods like veggies, topping the charts with most greater than 90% water by way of weight, followed by means of maximum clean fruit, coming within around the 80s. Starchier vegetables, whole grains, and canned beans are broadly speaking 70s, meaning three-quarters of their weight:

pure water.

In preferred, with regards to water-wealthy foods, maximum entire plant meals go with the flow towards the top, most animal meals fall someplace inside the middle, and maximum processed ingredients sink to the bottom. In a well-known shows of experiments, researchers at Penn State determined to place water-wealthy vegetables to the take a look at.

Study topics had been served pasta and informed to consume as a whole lot or as little as they’d like.

On common, they consumed approximately 900 calories of pasta. What do you observed might manifest if, as a primary route, you gave them a hundred energy of salad composed largely of lettuce, carrots, cucumber, celery, and cherry tomatoes?

Would they pass on to devour the same quantity of pasta and end up with one thousand calorie lunch, 900 plus 100?

Or Would They Eat A Hundred Fewer Calories Of Pasta, Effectively Canceling Out The Added Salad Calories?

It was even higher than that.

They ate extra than 200 fewer calories of pasta.

Thanks to the salad, a hundred energy within, 200 calories out. So, in essence, the salad had bad 100 calories.

Preloading with veggies can effectively subtract one hundred energy out of a meal.

That’s how you can shed pounds by way of ingesting extra meals. Of path, the kind of salad topics.

The researchers repeated the experiment, this time adding a fatty dressing and additional shredded cheese, which quadrupled the salad’s calorie density.

Now, ingesting this salad as a first path didn’t turn the 900-calorie meal into one with much less than 800 energy. Instead, it became it right into a meal with calories inside the quadruple digits.

It’s like preloading pizza with garlic bread—you could emerge as with more calories overall.

So, what’s the reduce-off? Studies on preloading show that eating about a cup of food earlier than a meal decreases subsequent consumption through about 100 calories;

so, to get a “negative calorie” impact, the primary direction would ought to contain fewer than a hundred calories consistent with cup.

As you can see on this chart, this would encompass most clean culmination and vegetables, but having some thing like a dinner roll wouldn’t paintings. But, hi there, deliver people a huge apple to eat earlier than that equal pasta meal, and in place of eating two hundred energy less, it was extra like 300 calories less.

So, how many calories does an apple have?

It depends on whilst you eat it. Before a meal, an apple could effectively have approximately bad 200 energy.

You can see the equal factor giving human beings vegetable soup as a first route.

Hundreds of calories disappear. One study that tracked human beings’s intake at some stage in the day even located that overweight topics randomized to pre-lunch vegetable soup now not best ate much less lunch, however deducted an extra bonus hundred energy at dinner, too, a whole seven hours later.

So, the next time you sit right down to a healthful soup, you can believe calories being veritably sucked out of your frame with each spoonful.

Even just ingesting two cups of water immediately earlier than a meal brought on human beings to reduce about 20 percent of calories out of the meal, taking within more than 100 fewer energy. No wonder obese males and females randomized to 2 cups of water before each meal lost weight 44 percent quicker.

Two cups of water earlier than every meal, 44 percent quicker weight reduction.

That’s why so-called “Negative Calorie Preloading” is on my list of weight reduction boosters: all the things I could locate that may boost up weight reduction no matter what you devour the relaxation of the time.

Negative calorie preloading simply method starting a meal with ingredients containing fewer than one hundred calories consistent with cup.

That might include many culmination, veggies, soups, salads, or surely, a tall glass of water.

Anything We Can Put On That First-Course Salad To Boost Weight Loss Even Further?

In my “Amping AMPK” section I speak about methods to spark off an enzyme known as the “fats controller.” Its discovery is considered one of the maximum essential medical breakthroughs in the previous couple of many years.

You can spark off this enzyme via workout, fasting, and nicotine, but is there any way to reinforce it for weight reduction with out sweat, hunger, or the whole demise-a-horrible-loss of life-from-lung-cancer issue? Big Pharma is throughout it.

After all, overweight individuals may be “unwilling to carry out even at the very least physical hobby,” wrote a set of pharmacologists, “for this reason, indicating that pills mimicking patience exercise are especially perfect.” So, “it’s crucial that oral compounds with high bioavailability are advanced to securely induce chronic AMPK activation” for “long-term weight reduction and renovation….” But, there’s no need to expand this type of compound in view that you may already buy it any grocery store.

It’s referred to as vinegar. When vinegar—acetic acid—is absorbed and metabolized, you get a herbal AMPK increase.

Enough Of A Boost To Lose Weight At The Typical Dose You Might Use Dressing A Salad?

Vinegar has clearly been used to deal with obesity for centuries, but most effective lately has it been…placed to the take a look at. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-managed trial on the effects of vinegar consumption at the discount of frame fats within overweight men and women.

The topics were randomized to drink a daily beverage containing one or two tablespoons of apple cider vinegar or a managed drink advanced to flavor the same as the vinegar drink, but prepared with a exceptional type of acid so it didn’t have real vinegar within it.

Three months in, the fake vinegar organization truly received weight (as overweight people have a tendency to do), while the real vinegar companies considerably lost frame fat, as determined by using CT test. a bit vinegar each day brought about kilos of weight reduction completed for simply pennies an afternoon without disposing of whatever from their weight loss plan.

That’s why certainly one of my 21 tweaks to accelerate weight reduction, is teaspoons of vinegar with every meal, either sprinkled on your salad or even just introduced to tea with a few lemon juice.

The beauty of the vinegar reviews is that they had been now not simply randomized, managed trials, but placebo-controlled trials. Some stories aren’t managed in any respect.

Women requested to consume a ripe tomato before lunch each day for a month lost approximately kilos, however without a manage group you don’t understand if the tomato had some thing to do with it.

Just being enrolled in a weight reduction study where you realize they’re going to come back lower back and weigh you once more in a month will have humans to trade their diets within different methods. I suggest it’s sincerely viable.

A tomato is 95 percentage water;

so, you’d be filling up a fist-sized portion of your stomach with best about fifteen calories before a meal, it’s sincerely feasible, however we’d need a better poll to prove it for weight loss. Stronger experiences have manage corporations.

At least, for instance, randomize people to a weight loss weight loss program with or without one to 2 cups of low-sodium vegetable juice and those ingesting the vegetable juice lose drastically more weight.

Or split humans into organizations and provide half of approximately two tablespoons of goji berries a day, and forty-five days later, the goji group appeared to cut two-and-a-half of inches off their waistline compared to no change inside the control group. But any time you have got one organization do something unique, you don’t know how a lot of the advantage is because of the placebo effect.

In drug trials it’s clean:

you deliver half the human beings the real medication and the alternative half an same-searching sugar tablet placebo. Both corporations are then doing the identical issue—taking equal-looking pills—and so, in case you see any distinction in effects, we are able to suspect it’s the because of the actual drug.

But what could placebo broccoli seem like?

That’s the hassle. You can’t stuff cabbage into a capsule, however there are a few foods so powerful that you may genuinely suit them right into a pill to pit them in opposition to placebos:

spices.

Want to know if garlic can purpose weight reduction? Give human beings some garlic powder compressed into drugs as opposed to placebo capsules.

And?

Garlic worked, resulting within each a drop in weight and in waistlines through six weeks. They used about a 1/2 teaspoon of garlic powder a day, which would fee less than four cents.

Four cents too steep?

How about cents a day? a quarter teaspoon of garlic powder a day, about a hundred overweight ladies and men have been randomized to 1 / 4 teaspoon well worth of garlic powder a day or placebo, and those unknowingly taking the 2 cents really worth of garlic powder an afternoon misplaced about six pounds of hetero body fat over the next fifteen weeks.

Now if you could splurge up to three cents a day, there’s black cumin.

A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials shows weight reduction efficacy once more only a quarter teaspoon an afternoon. Not normal cumin, this is a completely exclusive spice called black cumin.

What is black cumin?

You manifestly haven’t been studying your bibles. Described as a “miracle herb,” besides the weight loss, there are randomized controlled trials displaying every day black cumin intake drastically improves ldl cholesterol and triglycerides…extensively improves blood stress… and blood sugar manage.

But i take advantage of it, simply reason it tastes right—I simply put black cumin seeds in a pepper grinder and grind it like pepper.

With more than 1000 papers published in the clinical literature on black cumin, a few reporting first rate results like losing cholesterol levels as an awful lot as a statin drug, why don’t we pay attention greater approximately it? Why weren’t we taught about it within scientific school?

Presumably because there’s no earnings motive.

Black cumin is just a not unusual, natural spice. You’re now not going to delight your stockholders selling something that you could’t patent, that charges, three cents an afternoon.

Or you can use normal cumin, the second maximum popular spice on Earth.

Those randomized to a half of of a teaspoon at both lunch and dinner over three-months misplaced approximately four greater pounds and an extra inch off their waist, determined akin to the obesity drug referred to as orlistat. That’s the “anal leakage” drug you may have heard about, though the drug organization clearly prefers the term “fecal spotting” to describe the rectal discharge it reasons.

The drug enterprise’s internet site offers some useful pointers, although, “it’s probably a smart idea to put on darkish pants and produce a trade of clothes with you to work.” You realize, just within case their drug causes you to crap your pants at work.

I suppose I’ll stick with the cumin. Cayenne pepper can counteract the metabolic slowing that accompanies weight reduction and accelerate fats burning as an advantage.

Ginger powder!

Over a dozen randomized controlled trials beginning at just a zone teaspoon of ground ginger an afternoon showing drastically reduced body weight for simply pennies an afternoon. Proven in placebo-controlled trials to work, but you likely never heard approximately any of this because they can’t make sufficient income.

Don’t get me commenced.

But allow me cross lower back to the Coke as opposed to carrots example. A calorie is not a calorie because drinking this, isn’t the same as eating this.

But even if you consumed the identical variety of calories, chewed for hours to percent within all those carrots, a calorie may additionally still not be a calorie, as it’s now not what you eat, it’s what you take in.

As anyone who’s ever eaten corn can tell you, a few bits of vegetable count can skip right through you. A calorie may additionally nonetheless be a calorie circling your bathroom bowl, however flushed energy aren’t going to make it onto your hips.

That’s where fiber is available in.

If you bump human beings’s fiber consumption up, even to just the endorsed minimal daily fiber consumption they start dropping weight, because they enjoy about a 10% drop in every day caloric consumption. Why have to greater fiber suggest fewer calories?

Well first, it adds bulk without including calories.

Cold-pressed apple juice, as an example, is largely simply apples minus fiber. And you may chug a bottle of juice within more than one seconds, however to get the identical number of energy, you will ought to consume approximately five cups of apple slices.

That’s the distinction fiber could make, however it’s no longer just a calorie density aspect.

Imagine what happens subsequent: The apple juice could get rapidly absorbed as quickly because it spilled out of your belly into the intestine, spike your blood sugars, whereas the sugar trapped in the mass of chewed apple slices might be absorbed greater slowly along the period of your intestines.

Nutrients can simplest be absorbed once they bodily come in touch with the aspect of your gut, together with your intestine wall.

Fiber never gets absorbed; so, it may act as a provider to dilute or even do away with energy out the alternative cease.

And fiber doesn’t just lure sugars.

It acts as a fat- and starch-blocker, too. Those on a Standard American Diet lose about 5 percent in their energy via their waste every day, but on a better-fiber weight-reduction plan we can double that.

It’s now not what you consume, however what you take in;

so, you could shed pounds on a excessive-fiber weight loss plan eating the exact equal quantity of energy genuinely because a number of those calories get trapped, get flushed down the bathroom, and by no means make it into your device. And it’s now not just the calories within the excessive-fiber ingredients themselves which might be less available.

High-fiber ingredients trap calories throughout the board.

So, consume a Twinkie on a high-fiber food plan and you soak up fewer Twinkie calories. It’s like every calorie label you study receives immediately discounted when you are eating lots of fiber-wealthy ingredients, that is why it makes it onto my listing.

My section on other fats-blockading foods starts offevolved out with a command to “Eat Your Thylakoids”, health practitioner’s orders.

What in the world is a thylakoid? Just the supply of almost all acknowledged lifestyles—and, the oxygen we breathe, no biggie.

Thylakoids are wherein photosynthesis takes region, the manner via which plants turn mild into food.

Thylakoids are the extremely good inexperienced engine of lifestyles, microscopic sac-like structures composed of chlorophyll-rich membranes focused inside the leaves of flora. When we eat thylakoids, while we bite into a leaf of spinach, for instance, the ones inexperienced leaf membranes don’t immediately get digested.

They ultimate for hours in our intestines and that’s once they paintings their magic.

Thylakoid membranes bind to lipase.  Lipase is the enzyme that our body makes use of to digest fat;

so, you bind the enzyme – you sluggish fats absorption.

If All The Fat Is Eventually Absorbed, What’s The Benefit?

Location, location, vicinity.

There’s a phenomenon called the ileal brake.

The ileum is the final a part of the small gut earlier than it dumps into your colon. When undigested calories are detected that far down for your intestines, your frame thinks “I should be complete from stem to stern,” and places the brakes on ingesting more through dialing down your appetite.

This can be shown experimentally.

If you insert a nine-foot tube down humans’s throats and drip within any energy: fats, sugar, or protein, and you can prompt the ileal brake.

Sit them right down to an all-you-can-consume meal and, in comparison to the placebo organization who had most effective gotten a squirt of water via the tube, people consume over 100 energy less.

You simply don’t feel as hungry. They sense just as full, ingesting considerably less.

That’s the ileal brake within motion.

This can then translate into weight loss. Randomize overweight girls on a food regimen to “green-plant membranes” (within other phrases, simply covertly slip them a few powdered spinach) and they get a boost in appetite suppressing hormones, a decreased urge for chocolates.

Yes indeed, spinach can cut your urge for chocolate.

And growth, elevated weight reduction. All way to ingesting inexperienced, the actual inexperienced itself, the chlorophyll-packed membranes inside the leaves.

Now, the researchers used spinach powder simply so they may create convincing placebos, however you may get just as many thylakoids ingesting about a 1/2 cup of cooked vegetables, that’s what I recommend human beings eat instances a day in my Daily Dozen tick list of all of the healthiest of healthful matters I inspire humans to suit into their each day ordinary.

In the journal of the Society of Chemical Industry, a group of food technologists argued that given their fat-blockading benefits, “thylakoid membranes might be integrated within functional meals as a brand new promising urge for food-lowering ingredient”—or you could simply get them inside the way Mother Nature meant. Which greens have the maximum?

You can tell just by using searching at them.

Because thylakoids are in which the chlorophyll is, the greener the leaves, the more potent the effect. So, move for the darkest-green veggies you can find;

where I shop that’s the lacinato (a.ok.a.

dinosaur) kale. Now, if you overcook veggies too lengthy…you know the way they turn that drab olive brown…that’s the thylakoids bodily degrading, but blanched for fifteen seconds or so in steaming or boiling water, veggies get a good brighter inexperienced—that surely interprets into a lift in the fats-blocking off ability.

So, you can gauge thylakoid interest within the grocery keep, for your kitchen along with your personal eyes through going for the inexperienced.

Though thylakoids in the end get broken down, fiber makes it all the manner right down to our colon. While it’s technically genuine that we are able to’t digest fiber, that’s best applicable to the part of us that’s surely human.

Most of the cells within our frame are bacteria.

Our intestine plant life, which weigh as a good deal as one of our kidneys, are as metabolically active as our liver, has been called our “forgotten organ,” and it’s an organ that runs on MAC, Microbiota-Accessible Carbohydrates. So, when you see me write “Eat Lots of Big MACs” I don’t want anyone to get the incorrect concept.

MAC is just every other name for prebiotics, what our top intestine flowers eat, within different phrases, fiber.

There’s that fiber again. What do our excellent micro organism do with the fiber?

We feed them and that they feed us proper again.

They make brief-chain fatty acids that get absorbed from the colon into our bloodstream, flow into through our body, or even make it up into our mind. That’s like the way our intestine flora communicates with us, dialing down our appetite, all the at the same time as growing the fee at which we burn fats and boosting our metabolism on the identical time.

All way to fiber.

Check this out. Put people in a brain scanner and show them a excessive-calorie food like a donut and the reward facilities in their brains immediately mild up.

But, if you repeat the test, and this time, secretly deliver fiber-derived short-chain fatty acids immediately into their colon, you get a blunted praise middle answer and subjects report that excessive-calorie meals just appeared less appetizing, and subsequently ate much less of an all-you-can-eat meal.

But fiber dietary supplements like Metamucil don’t work, which makes experience due to the fact they may be nonfermentable, which means our gut micro organism can’t devour it; so, yeah, they are able to enhance bowel regularity but can’t be utilized by our correct micro organism to make those compounds that may block our cravings.

For that, we should without a doubt eat real food.

Our excellent gut insects are seeking to assist us, however when we eat a diet poor within fiber, we’re within effect starving our microbial self. Less than 5 percentage of Americans attain even the encouraged minimum every day good enough consumption of fiber, no surprise for the reason that primary assets are beans and entire grains, and 96% of Americans don’t even reach the advocated minimum intake of legumes (which are beans, cut up peas, chickpeas, and lentils), and 99% don’t reach the endorsed every day minimal for whole grains.

Most human beings don’t even realize what fiber is.

More than half of of Americans surveyed think that steak is a considerable supply of fiber. However, via definition, fiber is only found within plants.

There is zero fiber within meat, eggs, or dairy, and commonly very little fiber within processed junk, and therein lies the hassle.

But Wouldn’t At Least The Protein In That Steak Fill You Up?

Surprisingly, even a overview supported by way of the beef, dairy, and egg industries mentioned that protein intake does not genuinely translate into ingesting much less later on, whereas you devour a fiber-wealthy entire grain for supper, and it may cut your calorie intake greater than 12 hours later at lunch the following day!

You experience full a hundred calories faster the next day due to the fact, by then, your desirable gut bugs are feasting at the same bounty and dialing down your appetite.

Today, even our meat may be considered junk meals. For more than a century, one of the excellent dreams of animal agriculture has been to increase the carcass fats content material of farm animals.

Take bird, as an example.

100 years in the past, the USDA decided fowl changed into about 23 percentage protein by weight and much less than 2 percent fats. Today, chickens were genetically manipulated via selective breeding to have about ten times greater fats.

Chicken Little has grow to be Chicken Big and can be making us larger too.

Meat consumption in popular is associated with weight gain, however chicken regarded to be the worst. Even simply an oz an afternoon—that’s like a single bird nugget, or like one bird breast every ten days, changed into associated with weight benefit as compared to consuming no bird in any respect.

You know, it’s humorous, whilst the beef industry funds weight problems experiences on bird, they pick for his or her head-to-head evaluation, foods like “cookies and sugar-coated candies.” This is a classic drug enterprise trick to try to make your product look higher through comparing it to some thing worse.

(Apparently, just regular chocolate wasn’t sufficient to make chicken look higher.) But what happens when chicken is pitted in opposition to a actual manipulate, like chicken without the actual bird? Chicken chickens out.

Both soy-primarily based proteins and Quorn, that’s a plant-based meat made from the mushroom state, have been determined to have stronger satiating features than chook.

Feed people a bird and rice lunch, and 4-and-a-1/2 hours later, they consume 18 percent more of a dinner buffet than had they as a substitute been given a chook-free hen and rice lunch. These findings are constant with youth obesity research that discovered that meat consumption regarded to double the odds of schoolchildren turning into overweight, in comparison to the intake of plant-based meat merchandise.

Whole-food sources of plant protein which includes beans did even better although, related to reducing within half the odds of becoming obese.

So, that’s why I take into account those styles of plant-based totally meats greater of a useful stepping stone toward a healthier eating regimen, in preference to the give up-game aim / best. Part of the motive plant-primarily based meats may be much less fattening is they reason less of an insulin spike.

A meat-free bird like Quorn causes up to 41 percent less of an immediate insulin response.

It turns out animal protein causes nearly precisely as a great deal insulin launch as natural sugar. Just including a few egg whites for your weight loss program can boom insulin output as lots as a 60 percentage within four days.

And fish can be even worse.

Why might including tuna to mashed potatoes spike up insulin degrees, but adding broccoli alternatively reduce the insulin answer by using about 40 percentage? It’s not the fiber, given that giving the equal quantity of broccoli fiber on my own provided no tremendous gain.

So, Why Does Animal Protein Make Things Worse But Plant Protein Makes Things Better?

Plant proteins have a tendency to be lower within the branched-chain amino acids that are associated with insulin resistance, the cause of kind 2 diabetes. You can display this experimentally.

Give a few vegans branched-chain amino acids, and you could cause them to as insulin resistant as omnivores.

Or, take some omnivores and placed them thru even a “48-hour vegan eating regimen mission,” and, within two days, you could see the other—big enhancements in metabolic fitness. Why?

Because reduced consumption of branched-chain amino acids improves metabolic health.

Check this out. Those randomized to restrict their protein intake were averaging literally loads more energy a day;

so, they have to have turn out to be fatter right?

But no, they genuinely lost extra body fat. Restricting their protein enabled them to devour extra calories, whilst on the identical time they misplaced more weight.

More calories, yet a loss within frame fats.

And this magic “protein limit”? They had been simply having human beings eat the endorsed quantity of protein.

So, maybe they must have just called this group the regular protein group, or the advocated protein organization, and the institution that became eating extra common American protein stages and struggling because of it, the excess protein organization.

Given the metabolic harms of excess branched-chain amino acid publicity, leaders in the field have suggested the invention of medicine to dam their absorption, to “promote metabolic health and deal with diabetes and obesity with out lowering caloric consumption.” Or, we will simply attempt no longer to eat such a lot of branched-chain amino acids inside the first area. They are found in general within meat, consisting of fowl and fish, dairy merchandise, and eggs, possibly explaining why animal protein has been related to higher diabetes threat, whereas plant protein seems defensive.

So, defining the “appropriate top limits” of animal protein consumption “may additionally offer a tremendous danger for the prevention of T2D and obesity,” however it want now not be all or not anything.

Even an intermittent vegan eating regimen has been shown to be beneficial. If there has been one piece of advice that sums up the hints in my upcoming e book it might be:

“Wall Off Your Calories.” Animal cells are encased simplest within without difficulty digestible membranes, which permits the enzymes in our intestine to resultseasily release the energy through a steak, for example.

Plant cells, then again, have cellular partitions that are constructed from fiber, which gift an indigestible bodily barrier; so, the various calories stay trapped.

Now, processed plant ingredients, like fruit juice, sugar, refined grains, even whole grains in the event that they have been powdered into flour have had their cell structure destroyed, their cellular walls cracked open and their energy are loose for the taking.

But while you consume structurally intact plant foods, chew all you want—you’re nonetheless going to grow to be with calories completely surrounded with the aid of fiber, which then blunts the glycemic effect, turns on the ileal brake, and delivers sustenance for your pleasant plant life. So, backside line, try and ensure as many of your energy as feasible—your protein, carbs, and fat—are encased within mobile partitions, within other phrases from whole, intact plant meals.

That’s what nature supposed to occur.

Millions of years before we discovered the way to sharpen spears and mill grains and boil sugar cane, our entire body structure is presumed to have evolved within the context of eating what the rest of our incredible ape cousins eat: flora.

The Paleolithic length, while we commenced the use of gear, simplest goes lower back about two million years.

We and different first-rate apes had been evolving considering that back inside the Miocene generation, greater like twenty million years in the past. So, for the first 90 percentage of our hominoid life, our bodies evolved on ordinarily plant life.

It’s no surprise then that our our bodies may additionally thrive great on the weight-reduction plan we were designed to consume.

So, perhaps we need to pass again to our roots. [clears throat]
With sufficient portion control, absolutely everyone can lose weight.

Lock a person within a closet, and you could force them to lose as tons body fat as you need.

Chaining a person to a treadmill should in all likelihood have a similar impact. But what is the only weight reduction routine that doesn’t contain calorie limit or workout—or a felony?

I scoured via the clinical literature and all the randomized controlled trials and the unmarried maximum a success strategy up to now is a weight loss plan of entire plant foods.

The unmarried handiest weight loss intervention like that ever published within the peer-reviewed medical literature, a whole food, plant-based weight-reduction plan. That works higher than some thing else studied thus far.

And, no surprise given what we simply found out about fiber and branched-chain amino acids.

We’ve recognized for more than forty years that those consuming predominantly plant-based diets weigh, on common, about thirty pounds much less than the overall population, however you don’t recognize if it’s the weight-reduction plan itself, until you placed it to the test. In 2017, a collection of New Zealand researchers posted the broad statistic, a twelve-week randomized managed trial inside the poorest region of the country with the best obesity rates.

Overweight people were randomized to acquire either popular hospital therapy or semi-weekly instructions supplying recommendation and encouragement to consume a low-fats food plan targeted round culmination, vegetables, complete grains, and legumes.

And that’s all it become, simply empowerment, and stats, empowerment with know-how. No food were supplied, the intervention organization become merely knowledgeable approximately the advantages of plant-based living and endorsed to suit it into their own lives at home.

No vast exchange within the manage organization, however the plant-based totally intervention organization, even though there have been no restrictions on quantities and being capable of freely devour all the healthy ingredients they wanted, lost an average of nineteen pounds by way of the quit of the 3-month poll.

Nineteen Pounds Is A Respectable Weight Loss, But What Happened Next?

At the give up of these twelve weeks, class became disregarded, and no more education turned into given.

The researchers have been curious to peer how much weight the subjects had received back after being released from the study;

so, every body was invited back at the six-month mark to get re-weighed. The plant-based group had left the 3-month poll nineteen pounds lighter on common.

But, six months later they had been only down approximately…  twenty-seven kilos!

They got higher. The plant-based institution have been feeling so excellent each physically and mentally… and have been capable of come off so a lot of their medicinal drugs, that they were sticking to the diet on their own and the burden persevered to return off.

What about a yr later?

Even within reviews that remaining an entire 12 months, wherein people are coached to stay on a specific diet for the entire years’ time, by using the give up of the yr, any initial weight misplaced generally tends to creep on back. The broad study best lasted three months, yet after it changed into all over, people who had been randomized to the plant-based institution now not simplest lost dozens of kilos, however they kept it off.

They not best achieved extra weight loss at six and twelve months than every other similar trial—that was months after the research had already ended!

A complete food, plant-based totally food regimen executed the finest weight reduction ever recorded in comparison to every other such intervention published inside the clinical literature. You can examine the report-breaking research your self without cost, in complete, at nature.com/articles/nutd20173 or you could simply factor your telephone digital camera up on the screen and select off the QR code.

Any weight-reduction plan that effects within reduced calorie intake can bring about weight loss.

Dropping pounds isn’t a lot the difficulty. The trouble is preserving them off.

A key difference among plant-based nutrition and more traditional tactics to weight loss is that people are endorsed, on plant-based diets, to devour advert libitum, meaning eat as a good deal as they want.

No calorie counting, no portion manipulate—simply ingesting. The strategy is to improve the satisfactory of the meals rather than limiting the amount of the meals.

If you put human beings on a food regimen full of culmination, veggies, complete grains, and beans and permit them to devour as tons as they need, they become consuming approximately 50% fewer energy than they may have in any other case.

Just as full on half of the calories.

How Can You Keep People Satisfied Cutting More Than A Thousand Calories From Their Daily Diet?

By consuming greater high-bulk, low-calorie-density foods (veggies, end result, complete grains, and beans) and fewer calorie-dense ingredients, like meats, cheeses, sugars, and fats.

But it may no longer just be the energy-in facet of the equation; the ones eating more plant-based seem like effectively burning more calories in their sleep.

The resting metabolic charge of these eating extra plant-based totally can be 10% better, or more;

a boosted metabolism that could translate into burning off loads of greater energy an afternoon extra with out doing a thing. Eating greater plant-based you burn more energy simply present.

So, no marvel why individuals who consume more plant-primarily based have a tendency to be slimmer.

Start packing your eating regimen with actual ingredients that develop out of the ground, and the kilos must come off evidently, taking you down in the direction of your best weight. adequate, so that’s what I spent the primary 1/2 of the ebook doing, laying out the most effective weight loss diet, “Plant Yourself.” Then I spend the second half of the e book on all the equipment I unearthed to force further weight reduction for any cussed kilos that remain.

We already found out that a calorie is not always a calorie.

100 calories of chickpeas has a unique effect than 100 calories of chook or Chiclets, based totally on elements like absorption and appetite, however inside the 2d 1/2 i go a step further and explore how even the precise same ingredients eaten otherwise can have exceptional outcomes. Even in case you eat the same amount, even if you soak up the identical quantity, a calorie may additionally nonetheless no longer be a calorie.

It’s not most effective what we consume, however how and whilst.

Just to provide you a flavor, the precise same quantity of energy at breakfast are extensively much less fattening than the same number of energy at dinner. What?!

That’s just mind-blowing.

Same calories, unique weight reduction. A food plan with a larger breakfast reasons more weight reduction than the identical food regimen with a larger dinner.

So, my advice to prevent eating after 7 PM isn’t always simply because, you realize, I’m afraid humans are mindlessly snacking at the sofa or something.

The identical snack at night time is literally more fattening than eating the precise equal snack in the course of the daylight hours, all thanks to our circadian rhythms, our “Chronobiology.” Something I spend an entire chapter on. Some of the sleep information is clearly crazy too.

Overweight adults have been randomized to eight weeks of both a calorie-constrained weight-reduction plan or the same food plan combined with five days every week of simply one less hour of sleep a night time.

Now, they ended up sleeping an hour later on the weekends. So, universal, they simply cut three hours of sleep out of their week.

Now, without a doubt 3 hours per week of sleep distinction isn’t always going to change how a whole lot weight they lost, right?

And on the size that changed into proper. But in the regular sleep group, 80 percent of the weight loss was fats, whereas inside the institution lacking just a few hours of sleep, it become the alternative, with 80 percent of the loss being lean frame mass.

So, you snooze you lose—fats!

some hours of missed sleep appeared to absolutely flip fat loss on its head, however simply searching at the scale you wouldn’t are aware of it. It’s like whilst humans speedy.

Stopping eating completely for per week or two can motive extra weight reduction than simply limiting your calories, but paradoxically, it may certainly result in less lack of frame fat.

Wait, How Can Eating Fewer Calories Lead To Less Fat Loss?

Because during fasting your frame starts cannibalizing itself and burning your own protein for fuel.

The scale made it look as even though they were doing higher once they were fasting, however the fact is they have been doing worse.

They would have lost extra frame fats if they had stored ingesting; they might have lost greater frame fats, consuming greater calories.

Short-term fasting can interfere with body fat loss, not boost up it, and also you see the equal factor, with the keto weight loss plan.

Body fat loss sincerely slows down when you turn to a ketogenic food plan. Just looking at the rest room scale, although, the keto diet seems like a smashing success, losing less than a pound every week on a regular eating regimen to growth—three-and-a-half pounds in seven days after switching to keto, however what become taking place internal their bodies instructed a very unique scenario.

On the ketogenic weight loss plan, their price of frame fats loss was slowed with the aid of more than half of;

so, maximum of what they were dropping become water, however they had been also losing protein, they have been also dropping lean mass. That can also help provide an explanation for why the leg muscle mass of CrossFit trainees positioned on a ketogenic diet can reduce as a great deal as 8 percent within two months.

Of course, despite the fact that keto diets worked, the point of weight loss isn’t always to suit right into a skinnier casket.

People whose diets even generally tend to trend that way appear to noticeably shorten their lives. On the alternative hand, even simply drifting inside the route of ingesting extra healthful plant foods is associated with dwelling longer.

Those going the opposite manner, even though, those who start off more plant-primarily based but then add meat to their diet at the least once per week now not only appear to double or triple their odds of diabetes, stroke, coronary heart disorder, and weight benefit, however may suffer an related 3.6-12 months drop within lifestyles expectancy.

That’s going from no meat to just as soon as-a-week meat or greater. Low-carb diets had been proven to impair artery function and worsen heart ailment.

Whereas, entire food, plant-based diets have been shown to without a doubt opposite heart ailment – that’s what Ornish used.

So, what appears to be the only weight reduction weight loss plan in order that occurs to be the handiest weight loss plan ever demonstrated to reverse coronary heart sickness in most of the people of patients. If my grandma didn’t should die like that, no person’s grandma has to die like that.

If that’s all a plant-primarily based weight-reduction plan may want to do—opposite the range-one killer of males and females—shouldn’t that be sort of the default weight loss plan till demonstrated otherwise?

And the fact that it may additionally be so powerful in treating, arresting, and reversing other leading killers, like type 2 diabetes and excessive blood stress, would seem to make the case for plant-based totally consuming virtually overwhelming. Only one food plan has ever been shown to do all that:

a eating regimen focused round entire plant ingredients.

You don’t should loan your fitness to lose weight. The single healthiest eating regimen additionally appears to be the most effective eating regimen for weight loss.

After all, everlasting weight loss requires everlasting nutritional changes—more healthy habits simply have to end up a manner of life.

And if it’s going to be lifestyles-long, you need it to cause an extended life.

Всё в один пост не поместилось, пришлось разбить на две части. Начало тут, а мы продолжим.

Состав муки.
Хлебопекарные свойства и пищевая ценность того или иного сорта муки, напрямую зависят от химического состава. Например, пшеничная мука высшего сорта вырабатывается из центральных слоёв эндосперма зерна, поэтому в ней содержится максимум крахмала, но минимум белков, жиров, сахаров, минеральных веществ и витаминов.

В таблице приведены средние показатели состава муки пшеничной и ржаной, в зависимости от сорта:

Углеводы.
Первое место, как в ржаной, так и в пшеничной муке по количеству держат углеводы (крахмал, сахара, пентозаны, целлюлоза) и белки, от свойств которых напрямую зависит качество будущего теста. Именно белками определяется сила пшеничной муки в других странах: чем белка (протеинов) больше в муке – тем она (мука) сильнее. В России сила муки определяется иначе, но об этом в следующем посте, а пока остановимся на составе муки.

В муке содержатся разнообразные углеводы, важнейшим из которых является крахмал. Крахмал в муке содержится в виде зёрен, различных форм и размеров, в зависимости от сорта и вида муки. Внутренняя часть крахмального зерна состоит из полисахарида амилозы, состоящего из линейных или слаборазветвлённых цепочек молекул глюкозы, соединённых связями между 1-м и 4-м углеродными атомами. Внешняя часть зерна крахмала состоит из амилопектина – полисахарида с более тесными связями глюкозы. Поэтому, собственно, он и является внешней оболочкой крахмального зерна. Количественные соотношения амилозы и амилопектина в крахмале различных злаков составляют 1:3 или 1:3,5. В горячей воде амилопектин набухает, а амилоза растворяется.

Крахмал определяет многие качества будущего теста. За счёт углеводов крахмала осуществляется брожение теста, под действием ферментов. Именно углеводы крахмала являются пищей для дрожжей, продуктом жизнедеятельности которых является углекислый газ, разрыхляющий тесто и дающий всеми любимые дырки в багете. Кроме того, крахмал поглощает до 80% воды в тесте, оказывая основное влияние на формирование теста. В процессе выпечки именно крахмал несет ответственность за поднятие буханки, так как при нагревании крахмальные зёрна, поглощающие горячую воду, набухают, увеличиваются в объеме, становясь более рыхлыми, тем самым более подверженными действиям амололитических ферментов. Именно крахмал, как основной «тюремщик» воды в тесте, ответственен за очерствение готового хлеба, так как со временем подвержен синерезису – самопроизвольному уменьшению объёма, за счет уплотнения крахмального клейстера (что он несёт, боже мой). Кстати, процесс набухания крахмальных зёрен в горячей воде, называется клейстеризацией. Кто в школе обои клеил, знает о чём я говорю.

У вас зубы ещё не заныли? Ну ладно, дальше покороче, а то и я устал уже.

Белки.
Белки — это органические высокомолекулярные соединения, состоящие из аминокислот. В молекуле белка аминокислоты соединены между собой пептидными связями. В состав белков пшеничной и ржаной муки входят белки простые (протеины), состоящие только из аминокислотных остатков, и сложные (протеиды).

Технологическая роль белков муки в приготовлении хлеба велика. Структура белковых молекул и физико-химические свойства белков определяют свойства теста, влияют на форму и качество хлеба. Белки обладают рядом свойств, которые особенно важны для приготовления хлеба. Содержание белковых веществ в пшеничной и ржаной муке колеблется от 9 до 26% в зависимости от сорта зерна и условий его выращивания. Для белков характерны многие физико-химические свойства, из которых более всего важны растворимость, способность к набуханию, к денатурации и гидролизу – википедия вам в помощь, друзья.

Чем больше белков содержится в муке и чем сильнее их способность к набуханию, тем больше получится сырой клейковины, а именно наличием клейковины в России определяется сила муки. Значительная часть белков муки в воде не растворяется, но хорошо в ней набухает. Белки особенно хорошо набухают при температуре около 30° С, поглощая при этом воды в 2—3 раза больше их собственной массы.Так как к моменту выпечки крахмал свою работу сделал, углеводы накормили дрожжи до отвала, те, как могли отработали, то доформирование хлеба – задача белков, в общем и целом. При нагревании свыше 60°С происходит необратимая денатурация белков – изменение структуры белка – белки теряют способность к растворимости и набуханию и сворачиваются, образуя прочный каркас, который обуславливает форму и объём хлеба.

Белки ржаной муки по составу и свойствам отличаются от белков пшеницы. Около половины ржаных белков растворимы в воде или в растворах солей. Белки ржаной муки имеют большую пищевую ценность, чем пшеничные (содержат много незаменимых аминокислот), однако технологические свойства их значительно ниже. Белковые вещества ржи клейковину не образуют. В ржаном тесте большая часть белков находится в виде вязкого раствора, поэтому ржаное тесто лишено упругости и эластичности, свойственных пшеничному тесту.

Целлюлозу, гемицеллюлозы, пентозаны относят в группе пищевых волокон. Пищевые волокна содержатся в основном в периферийных частях зерна и поэтому их больше всего в муке высоких выходов. Пищевые волокна не усваиваются организмом человека, поэтому они снижают энергетическую ценность муки, повышая при этом пищевую ценность муки и хлеба, так как они ускоряют перестальтику кишечника, нормализуют липидный и углеводный обмен в организме, способствуют выведению тяжелых металлов.

Жиры.
Жиры являются сложными эфирами глицерина и высших жирных кислот. В состав жиров муки входят главным образом жидкие ненасыщенные кислоты (олеиновая, линолевая илиноленовая). Содержание жира в разных сортах пшеничной и ржаной муки 0,8—2,0% на сухое вещество. Чем ниже сорт муки, тем выше содержание жира в ней. Любой жир в тесте тормозит процесс ферментации, это обязательно надо учитывать, когда будете рассчитывать количество дрожжей, масла и другой сдобы в тесте, при пересчете на количество муки. В сдобное тесто кладут больше дрожжей, чем в хлебное, либо используют специальные дрожжи, с штаммами, выращенными именно для сдобы.

И последнее на сегодня – ферменты.
Ферменты — вещества белковой природы, способные катализировать (ускорять) различные реакции.
В зерне находятся разнообразные ферменты, сосредоточенные главным образом в зародыше и периферийных (краевых) частях зерна. Поэтому в муке низших сортов содержится больше ферментов, чем в муке высших сортов.
Ферменты активны только в растворе, поэтому при хранении сухого зерна и муки их действие почти не проявляется. После замеса полуфабрикатов многие ферменты начинают катализировать реакции разложения сложных веществ муки. Активность, с которой происходит разложение сложных нерастворимых веществ муки на более простые водорастворимые вещества под действием ее собственных ферментов, называется автолитической активностью (автолиз — саморазложение).

С течением времени деятельность ферментов не прекращается, тем самым объясняя смысл столь мной любимой длительной ферментации теста. При длительной ферментации, за счет действия ферментов реологические свойства теста улучшаются, что влечет за собой выпечку более качественного и вкусного хлеба.

Автолитическая активность муки — важный показатель ее хлебопекарных свойств. Как низкая, так и высокая автолитическая активность муки отрицательно влияют на качество теста, хлеба. Желательно, чтобы автолитический процесс разложения белков и крахмала теста происходил с определенной, умеренной скоростью. Для того чтобы регулировать автолитические процессы в производстве хлеба, необходимо знать свойства важнейших ферментов муки, действующих на белки, крахмал и другие компоненты муки. Но для этого понадобится целая химическая лаборатория, а где её взять.

Что нам остается, после этого – пробовать, пробовать и еще раз пробовать. Находить для себя тот сорт и вид муки, изделия из которого устраивают нас, как потребителя хлебобулочных изделий.

Хлеб – это Мир. Познать процессы, проходящие при приготовлении и выпечки хлеба – познать целый мир. Чего я всем и желаю.

В следующий раз мы поговорим о хлебопекарных свойствах пшеничной и ржаной муки.
А на сегодня – всё!

Пост подготовлен на основе материалов изложенных в книге Т.Б. Цыгановой «Технология хлебопекарного производства», сайтов http://muka.ucoz.ru и http://www.russbread.ru, а так же собственных умозаключений и наблюдений автора-плагиатора.

Список рекомендованной к прочтению литературы:
1. Цыганова Татьяна Борисовна «Технология хлебопекарного производства». Учебник. 2002.
2. Ауэрман Лев Янович «Технология хлебопекарного производства». Учебник. Издание 9. 2005.
3. Сарычев Борис Георгиевич «Технология и биохимия ржаного хлеба». 1959г.

С, казалось бы, безграничным разнообразием муки, неудивительно, что у многих людей есть фаворит, когда дело доходит до приготовления и выпечки. Но если вы соблюдаете низкоуглеводную или кетогенную диету, вы можете задаться вопросом об углеводах в различных видах муки, особенно в наиболее распространенных, традиционно говоря.

Это руководство предоставит вам всю необходимую информацию, чтобы определить, можно ли по-прежнему употреблять муку в рамках вашего низкоуглеводного кето-образа жизни. Но сначала вам может потребоваться повторный курс о том, что такое мука.

Что такое мука?

Мука — это порошок, изготовленный из измельченного зерна.

Вы спросите, какое зерно? Обычно используется пшеничное зерно, но тип муки зависит от того, сколько зерна остается в процессе помола. Три части зерна включают эндосперм, отруби и зародыш. Вот немного больше о каждом из этих компонентов.

# 1: эндосперм

Большая часть простой белой муки, которая встречается сегодня, содержит только эту часть зерна. Эндосперм — крахмалистый центр зерна. В нем есть углеводы, белки и немного масла.

# 2: сохранено

Отруби придают муке текстуру, цвет и клетчатку. Эта часть — внешняя оболочка зерна. Это компонент, который придает цельнозерновой муке грубую консистенцию и коричневый цвет.

# 3: зародыш

Третья часть зерна — это зародыш, репродуктивный центр, который содержит большую часть питательных веществ. Мука, ​​содержащая зародыши на протяжении всего процесса помола, будет богата витаминами и минералами по сравнению с другой мукой.

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Это основы, когда речь идет о составе муки. Но как насчет разных видов муки? Если вы были в проходе с выпечкой в ​​местном продуктовом магазине, вы, вероятно, видели различные виды муки для выберите.

Некоторые из классических видов муки включают:

1. Небеленая мука.
2. Мука
3. Мука для сдобы.
4. Кондитерская мука.
5. Самоподнимающаяся мука.
6. Цельнозерновая мука.
7. Рисовая мука.
8. Соевая мука.
9. Кукурузная мука.

Пищевая ценность цельнозерновой муки

Для универсальной обогащенной цельнозерновой муки одна чашка содержит почти 96 граммов углеводов, 2 грамма жира и 13 граммов белка.

Если вы ищете пищевые волокна, их будет труднее найти. Одна чашка цельнозерновой муки содержит всего 3 грамма клетчатки, в результате получается примерно 93 граммачистые углеводы.

Это много углеводов.

Конечно, это пища с высоким содержанием углеводов, но вы можете быть удивлены, узнав, что универсальная мука имеет некоторую питательную ценность. Когда дело доходит до витаминов и минералов, мука богата многими из них, включая фолиевую кислоту, холин, бетаин, кальций, магний, фосфор и калий ( ¹ )( ² ).

Как мука подходит для кетогенной диеты?

Когда это приходит продуктов, которых следует избегать на низкоуглеводной или кетогенной диете, универсальная мука — одна из них.

Он не только богат углеводами, но также богат глютеном. На самом деле, с универсальной мукой связано немало проблем, которых следует избегать.

Глютен может вызвать проблемы с пищеварением

Глютен может оказывать негативное воздействие на людей с чувствительностью к глютену, вызывая ряд проблем, включая вздутие живота, боли в животе, головные боли, усталость, проблемы с кожей, депрессию, беспокойство, аутоиммунные расстройства, боль в суставах, мышечную боль и мозговой туман.

Универсальная пшеничная и белая мука отбеливается.

Большая часть популярной сегодня муки, такой как белая и пшеничная мука, обычно отбеливает и действует на пищеварительную систему.

Тем не менее, для людей, у которых нет проблем с глютеном или другими проблемами пищеварения, время от времени немного муки было бы хорошо на низкоуглеводной диете. Хотя это должно быть довольно небольшое количество муки, чтобы оставаться ниже дневной нормы потребления углеводов, небольшое количество не должно. вышвырнуть тебя из кетоза.

Вреден диабетикам

Наряду с теми, кто чувствителен к глютену, диабетикам следует избегать цельнозерновой муки или универсальной муки.

Продукты с высоким гликемическим индексом быстро влияют на уровень сахара в крови, что может быть опасно для диабетиков.

Если вы не хотите полностью отказываться от муки, используйте продукты с низким гликемическим индексом, такие как мука. миндаль и мука кокос они перевариваются и всасываются медленнее, вызывая постепенное повышение уровня сахара в крови, а не мгновенный всплеск.

Виды безглютеновой муки

Вся ли безглютеновая мука подходит для кетогенной диеты? Краткий ответ: нет. Это связано с тем, что не вся безглютеновая мука содержит мало углеводов.

Кукурузная мука не содержит глютена, но кукуруза богата углеводами.

Однако миндальная мука и кокосовая мука — отличные варианты без глютена, с высоким содержанием жиров и низким содержанием углеводов. Если вы хотите приготовить что-нибудь из муки, например кето булочки с корицей, используйте миндальную муку и сливочный сыр.

Фактически, термин «миндальная мука»Совершенно информативен. Подобно тому, как универсальная мука — это измельченное зерно, миндальная мука — это просто миндаль, измельченный в мелкий порошок, который можно использовать в выпечке. Замечательно то, что в 3/1 стакана миндальной муки всего 4 грамма углеводов ( ³ ).

Как есть муку на низкоуглеводной диете

Если у вас нет заболеваний и вы просто хотите попробовать низкоуглеводную или кето-диету, в вашем рационе все еще может быть место для муки, но на минимальной основе.

Попробуйте циклическую кето-диету (ХБП)

Один из видов кетогенной диеты, циклическая кето-диета (CKD), дает больше свободы действий с углеводами, добавляя 24-48 часов углеводной загрузки каждую неделю или две. Однако ERC рекомендуется только спортсменам, которые тренируются с высокой интенсивностью и нуждаются в пополнении запасов гликогена. Вероятно, не большинство людей читают эту статью.

Если вы едите слишком много углеводов за пределами этого окна загрузки углеводов, есть большая вероятность, что вы выйдете из кетоза, и ваше тело снова начнет искать углеводы в качестве топлива.

Если ваша цель — оставаться в состоянии кетоза, лучшим вариантом будет использование низкоуглеводной муки, такой как кокосовая или миндальная мука. Или любую другую ореховую муку, например, грецкую ореховую муку. Эти варианты идеально подходят для выпечки ваших любимых лакомств, сохраняя при этом низкое потребление углеводов.

Попробуй это корочка пиццы с низким содержанием углеводов или ты приготовленные имбирные пряники с низким содержанием углеводов с кокосовой мукой и миндальной мукой.

Во время кетоза ваш метаболизм буквально меняется, когда ваше тело ищет жир в качестве топлива вместо углеводов.

Итак, как вы понимаете, возвращение к кетозу может быть неудобным для некоторых людей, которые находятся в темноте. кето грипп. Вот почему лучше просто исключить из рациона муку и избавить себя от головной боли.

Будьте осторожны с углеводами в муке

Хотя в некоторых случаях мука содержит мало углеводов, вы должны быть осторожны с углеводами, содержащимися в муке. Если вы хотите улучшить свое общее состояние здоровья и ограничить потребление углеводов, вам следует избегать типичной муки, которую можно найти в проходе для выпечки, например, перечисленных выше.

Ограниченный случай, когда мука будет считаться низкоуглеводной, — это дни с углеводной загрузкой. ERC. В этом случае человек может пополнить свои запасы гликогена примерно за 70% от общего количества потребляемых калорий за счет углеводов.

К счастью, существует множество альтернатив муке с низким содержанием углеводов, чтобы приготовить ваши любимые сладости и побаловать себя любимой начинкой. Использование миндальной или кокосовой муки избавит вас от беспокойства о том, преследуете ли вы свои цели в отношении здоровья, и позволит вам немного повеселиться, не чувствуя себя обделенным.

У вас есть любимый рецепт с альтернативой муке с низким содержанием углеводов? Сохраните его и используйте в других рецептах.